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Robert Bigham Brode (June 12, 1900 – February 19, 1986) was an American physicist, who during World War II led the group at the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos laboratory that developed the fuses used in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. A graduate of the California Institute of Technology, where he earned his doctorate in 1924, Brode attended Oxford University on a Rhodes Scholarship and the University of Göttingen on a National Research Council Fellowship. During World War II, Brode worked at Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University, where he helped develop the proximity fuse, and then as a group leader at the Los Alamos Laboratory. In 1950 he was one of a dozen prominent scientists who petitioned President Harry S. Truman to declare that the United States would never be the first to use the hydrogen bomb. After the war, Brode returned to teaching at Berkeley. Between 1930 and 1957 he supervised 37 graduate students. In addition to his research and teaching, he occupied a number of other positions. He was the academic assistant to two presidents of the University of California, and sat on numerous advisory panels and boards. == Early life and education == Robert Bigham Brode was born in Walla Walla, Washington, on June 12, 1900, the son of Howard S. Brode, a professor of biology at Whitman College, and his wife Martha Catherine née Bigham. He was the second of a set of triplets, being born between his brothers Wallace and Malcolm. They also had an older brother, James Stanley. All four attended Whitman College, and went on to earn doctorates and have distinguished careers as scientists and academics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Guide to the Howard S. Brode Papers 1890–1958 )〕 Brode graduated from Whitman College with his Bachelor of Science degree in 1921, and then entered the California Institute of Technology. He was awarded his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in physics in 1924, the first year in which CalTech awarded this degree,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Robert Brode )〕 for his thesis on "the absorption coefficient for slow electrons in gases".〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=California Institute of Technology )〕 He showed that molecules with similar arrangements of their external electrons have similar cross sections for collisions with slow electrons. These results could not be readily explained with classical physics, and their importance would not be realised until 1966. On graduation, Brode became an Associate Physicist at the National Bureau of Standards. He was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oriel College, Oxford, in England in 1924 and 1925, and then a National Research Council Fellowship, which he used to study at the University of Göttingen in Germany in 1925 and 1926, and then at Princeton University from 1926 to 1927. On returning to the United States, he married Bernice Hedley Bidwell on September 16, 1926. They had two sons.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Robert B. Brode )〕 Brode became an assistant professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1927, and a full professor in 1932. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, which enabled him to return to England and study at Cambridge University and Birkbeck College, University of London, in 1934 and 1935. While there, he became friends with the British physicist P.M.S. Blackett.〔 He was impressed by Blackett's cloud chambers, and set his graduate students to work on projects using them, starting with Dale R. Corson. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Brode」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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